Transición demográfica
Algunos lectores de mi columna anterior sobre transición demográfica y cambio climático me preguntaron por la magnitud de las transformaciones en la estructura poblacional del país. Por esta razón, considero conveniente profundizar en la transición demográfica para tener más claridad acerca de los cambios que se vienen registrando en Colombia.
TL;DR
- Colombia's fertility rate began declining in the mid-1960s.
- The rate dropped from seven children per woman in 1960 to three in 1985.
- Post-COVID-19, the rate fell to 1.1 children per woman in 2024, below the replacement level of 2.2.
- Births are decreasing across all age groups, with a trend towards older mothers (30-39) and fewer teenage pregnancies.
- Significant regional disparities in fertility rates persist.
- Demographic changes impact public services like pensions, health, and education, as well as economic growth and employment.